1 00:00:07,789 --> 00:00:05,210 hello it's Thursday June 22nd 2017 you 2 00:00:10,580 --> 00:00:07,799 are listening to inception Radio Network 3 00:00:14,650 --> 00:00:10,590 voice of the fringe majority this is 4 00:00:17,180 --> 00:00:14,660 Carol Karl with UFO headline news 5 00:00:20,179 --> 00:00:17,190 tonight there's a Treat in the sky 6 00:00:23,300 --> 00:00:20,189 according to the folks at earth sky org 7 00:00:25,250 --> 00:00:23,310 if we've got dark skies we ought to be 8 00:00:28,339 --> 00:00:25,260 able to pick out the constellation Draco 9 00:00:31,580 --> 00:00:28,349 the dragon as it winds around the North 10 00:00:33,260 --> 00:00:31,590 Star Polaris and how to do this well 11 00:00:35,240 --> 00:00:33,270 first find the Big Dipper 12 00:00:37,549 --> 00:00:35,250 it's going to be high in the North on 13 00:00:39,619 --> 00:00:37,559 these June evenings and the two outer 14 00:00:42,020 --> 00:00:39,629 stars of the dippers Bowl point to 15 00:00:43,940 --> 00:00:42,030 Polaris the North Star which this 16 00:00:46,160 --> 00:00:43,950 broadcaster was lucky enough to see last 17 00:00:49,520 --> 00:00:46,170 night with binoculars and it marks the 18 00:00:52,279 --> 00:00:49,530 end of the Little Dippers handle yep the 19 00:00:54,799 --> 00:00:52,289 Little Dipper is relatively faint if you 20 00:00:57,139 --> 00:00:54,809 can find both dippers than your sky is 21 00:00:59,240 --> 00:00:57,149 indeed pretty dark and you're going to 22 00:01:01,819 --> 00:00:59,250 need that to see Draco you'll have to 23 00:01:04,189 --> 00:01:01,829 let your eyes and imagination drift a 24 00:01:06,740 --> 00:01:04,199 bit to see the entire winding shape of 25 00:01:08,690 --> 00:01:06,750 the dragon in the northern heavens but 26 00:01:10,789 --> 00:01:08,700 if you can find both of those dippers 27 00:01:13,310 --> 00:01:10,799 it's going to be fairly easy then to 28 00:01:16,130 --> 00:01:13,320 pick out another noteworthy star in 29 00:01:20,240 --> 00:01:16,140 Draco it's a star called Toobin or a 30 00:01:22,640 --> 00:01:20,250 Thuban it spelled th uban and the way to 31 00:01:24,499 --> 00:01:22,650 find Toobin is by remembering it's 32 00:01:27,289 --> 00:01:24,509 between the big and little dippers 33 00:01:30,590 --> 00:01:27,299 that's a famous star famous for having 34 00:01:34,670 --> 00:01:30,600 served as a pole star back in the day of 35 00:01:36,200 --> 00:01:34,680 3000 BC that is this date coincides with 36 00:01:39,289 --> 00:01:36,210 the beginning of the building of the 37 00:01:41,390 --> 00:01:39,299 pyramids in Egypt it said that the 38 00:01:44,120 --> 00:01:41,400 descending passage of the Great Pyramid 39 00:01:47,600 --> 00:01:44,130 of Khufu at Giza was built to point 40 00:01:50,990 --> 00:01:47,610 directly at the pond so our ancestors 41 00:01:53,510 --> 00:01:51,000 knew and celebrated this star and also 42 00:01:56,539 --> 00:01:53,520 two more stars Elton --an and rusty bong 43 00:01:59,600 --> 00:01:56,549 lie ahead of Draco they serve to 44 00:02:01,819 --> 00:01:59,610 represent the dragon's eyes so here's 45 00:02:04,880 --> 00:02:01,829 the bottom line you'll have to let your 46 00:02:07,550 --> 00:02:04,890 eyes and imagination drift a bit to see 47 00:02:10,580 --> 00:02:07,560 the entire winding shape of Draco the 48 00:02:11,170 --> 00:02:10,590 dragon in tonight's northern sky good 49 00:02:13,490 --> 00:02:11,180 luck 50 00:02:17,180 --> 00:02:13,500 here's something that's been making the 51 00:02:19,340 --> 00:02:17,190 of the internet it's a photo yep this is 52 00:02:22,280 --> 00:02:19,350 radio but you can find links to that 53 00:02:26,210 --> 00:02:22,290 photo later at UFO headline news calm 54 00:02:29,930 --> 00:02:26,220 here is the headline Mars orbiting space 55 00:02:32,270 --> 00:02:29,940 camera captures Rover on surface this 56 00:02:34,100 --> 00:02:32,280 gets a byline for Elana glow watts who 57 00:02:37,130 --> 00:02:34,110 writes it for the International Business 58 00:02:40,280 --> 00:02:37,140 Times nASA released a photo this week 59 00:02:42,920 --> 00:02:40,290 that could be the most meta thing that's 60 00:02:45,350 --> 00:02:42,930 ever happened on Mars the spacecraft 61 00:02:48,740 --> 00:02:45,360 orbiting the planet snapped a picture of 62 00:02:50,780 --> 00:02:48,750 the rover exploring the surface the Mars 63 00:02:53,180 --> 00:02:50,790 Reconnaissance Orbiter used its powerful 64 00:02:55,580 --> 00:02:53,190 telescope from the high-resolution 65 00:02:58,310 --> 00:02:55,590 imaging science experiment otherwise 66 00:03:00,650 --> 00:02:58,320 known as high rise it captured the image 67 00:03:03,500 --> 00:03:00,660 of the Curiosity rover handling the 68 00:03:05,900 --> 00:03:03,510 rough terrain of Mount sharp the blue 69 00:03:08,030 --> 00:03:05,910 dot of curiosity stands out against the 70 00:03:10,400 --> 00:03:08,040 reds and tans of the area's rocks and 71 00:03:12,500 --> 00:03:10,410 sand it wasn't the first time the 72 00:03:15,229 --> 00:03:12,510 orbiters high-rise camera captured 73 00:03:17,180 --> 00:03:15,239 curiosity down below NASA said this has 74 00:03:18,920 --> 00:03:17,190 happened a few times a year since the 75 00:03:22,520 --> 00:03:18,930 rover landed near Mount sharp almost 76 00:03:25,490 --> 00:03:22,530 five years ago curiosity scale-wise 77 00:03:27,800 --> 00:03:25,500 about the size of a car is ascending 78 00:03:30,020 --> 00:03:27,810 Mount sharp as it investigates the soil 79 00:03:32,810 --> 00:03:30,030 on Mars for clues about the environment 80 00:03:34,930 --> 00:03:32,820 it once hosted and whether or not it 81 00:03:36,590 --> 00:03:34,940 could have supported alien life 82 00:03:38,810 --> 00:03:36,600 scientists have already started 83 00:03:40,940 --> 00:03:38,820 analyzing samples taken from the lower 84 00:03:43,130 --> 00:03:40,950 levels of Mount sharp they show a 85 00:03:45,920 --> 00:03:43,140 diverse environment that evolved over 86 00:03:48,050 --> 00:03:45,930 time the lowest levels of Mount sharp 87 00:03:50,240 --> 00:03:48,060 are made of sediment which accumulated 88 00:03:51,890 --> 00:03:50,250 in the earliest of the mountains history 89 00:03:54,680 --> 00:03:51,900 while the area was under water 90 00:03:57,229 --> 00:03:54,690 the rover sampled soil from there that 91 00:03:59,750 --> 00:03:57,239 had lots of iron and magnesium rock that 92 00:04:02,509 --> 00:03:59,760 similar to the volcanic kind like we'd 93 00:04:05,569 --> 00:04:02,519 find in Hawaii today and that suggests a 94 00:04:07,310 --> 00:04:05,579 similar source at higher elevations of 95 00:04:08,900 --> 00:04:07,320 Mount sharp there were some minerals 96 00:04:11,360 --> 00:04:08,910 that would have accumulated in more 97 00:04:13,699 --> 00:04:11,370 acidic water and others that would have 98 00:04:15,470 --> 00:04:13,709 built up in water with a more neutral pH 99 00:04:17,960 --> 00:04:15,480 level an example of the way the 100 00:04:21,020 --> 00:04:17,970 environment changed in this location 101 00:04:23,089 --> 00:04:21,030 over time the water with the more 102 00:04:25,190 --> 00:04:23,099 natural pH would have been most 103 00:04:25,570 --> 00:04:25,200 comfortable for alien life to form and 104 00:04:27,279 --> 00:04:25,580 throw 105 00:04:30,279 --> 00:04:27,289 five since it's similar to what we'd 106 00:04:32,589 --> 00:04:30,289 find on earth today although more acidic 107 00:04:34,570 --> 00:04:32,599 water doesn't rule out extraterrestrials 108 00:04:36,850 --> 00:04:34,580 in fact recent research has shown that 109 00:04:39,610 --> 00:04:36,860 early life on earth could have evolved 110 00:04:41,860 --> 00:04:39,620 in more acidic oceans before it began 111 00:04:44,469 --> 00:04:41,870 its trek up Mount sharp curiosity 112 00:04:45,459 --> 00:04:44,479 examined the sand dunes in that area to 113 00:04:48,700 --> 00:04:45,469 learn more about environmental 114 00:04:50,860 --> 00:04:48,710 conditions on Mars such as wind the 115 00:04:52,809 --> 00:04:50,870 rover rock took soil samples to see how 116 00:04:55,270 --> 00:04:52,819 the grains and minerals had been 117 00:04:56,800 --> 00:04:55,280 organized by the blowing wind and took a 118 00:04:58,480 --> 00:04:56,810 closer look at the physical 119 00:05:02,350 --> 00:04:58,490 characteristics of these sand dunes 120 00:05:04,390 --> 00:05:02,360 which vary from spot to spot last month 121 00:05:07,360 --> 00:05:04,400 curiosity passed through an area with 122 00:05:10,450 --> 00:05:07,370 linear sand dunes where the peaks in the 123 00:05:12,939 --> 00:05:10,460 sand run in lines but shortly before 124 00:05:13,959 --> 00:05:12,949 that and slightly farther away from the 125 00:05:15,909 --> 00:05:13,969 base of Mount sharp 126 00:05:18,480 --> 00:05:15,919 it rolled through a place where the 127 00:05:20,709 --> 00:05:18,490 dunes were shaped like crescents 128 00:05:22,629 --> 00:05:20,719 scientists are hoping to use data the 129 00:05:24,519 --> 00:05:22,639 rover collected to learn more about the 130 00:05:26,920 --> 00:05:24,529 complex wind patterns that would create 131 00:05:28,929 --> 00:05:26,930 such varying conditions the data 132 00:05:32,010 --> 00:05:28,939 includes photos of the landscape taken 133 00:05:34,540 --> 00:05:32,020 over time as the winds move soil along 134 00:05:36,550 --> 00:05:34,550 curiosity does have a wind detection 135 00:05:40,570 --> 00:05:36,560 device as part of its onboard weather 136 00:05:43,420 --> 00:05:40,580 instruments but it doesn't work hmm I'm 137 00:05:46,839 --> 00:05:43,430 moving forward here's a headline Newhall 138 00:05:49,689 --> 00:05:46,849 of distant worlds casts doubt on planet 139 00:05:52,540 --> 00:05:49,699 9 it grieves us to read this headline 140 00:05:55,600 --> 00:05:52,550 it's a byline for Joshua Sokol who 141 00:05:57,969 --> 00:05:55,610 writes it for science mad org and here 142 00:06:00,490 --> 00:05:57,979 we go in early 2016 143 00:06:03,519 --> 00:06:00,500 astronomers made a stunning claim a 144 00:06:06,640 --> 00:06:03,529 giant planet was patrolling the farthest 145 00:06:09,129 --> 00:06:06,650 reaches of our solar system planet 9 as 146 00:06:12,519 --> 00:06:09,139 they called it was too far away to see 147 00:06:14,920 --> 00:06:12,529 directly so its existence was inferred 148 00:06:18,089 --> 00:06:14,930 from the way its gravity had herded six 149 00:06:21,339 --> 00:06:18,099 distant icy worlds into clustered orbits 150 00:06:23,649 --> 00:06:21,349 since then the case for planet nine has 151 00:06:26,409 --> 00:06:23,659 been bolstered by other evidence such as 152 00:06:28,719 --> 00:06:26,419 a peculiar tilt to the Sun spin axis 153 00:06:31,719 --> 00:06:28,729 along with a few more of these strange 154 00:06:34,269 --> 00:06:31,729 objects they have elongated orbits of 155 00:06:37,449 --> 00:06:34,279 more than 4000 years and they never come 156 00:06:39,340 --> 00:06:37,459 closer to the Sun than Neptune now a 157 00:06:42,940 --> 00:06:39,350 survey has found for more 158 00:06:45,460 --> 00:06:42,950 of these extreme bodies the problem they 159 00:06:48,040 --> 00:06:45,470 don't display the tell-tale clustering 160 00:06:51,190 --> 00:06:48,050 and that's a substantial blow for Planet 161 00:06:52,990 --> 00:06:51,200 nine enthusiasts says Cory Shankman an 162 00:06:55,540 --> 00:06:53,000 astronomer at the University of Victoria 163 00:06:57,250 --> 00:06:55,550 in Canada and a member of something 164 00:07:01,210 --> 00:06:57,260 called the outer solar system 165 00:07:03,820 --> 00:07:01,220 origins survey he said quote we find no 166 00:07:06,160 --> 00:07:03,830 evidence of the orbit clustering needed 167 00:07:09,940 --> 00:07:06,170 for the planet nine hypothesis in our 168 00:07:12,430 --> 00:07:09,950 fully independent survey and quotes this 169 00:07:14,410 --> 00:07:12,440 survey which since 2013 has found more 170 00:07:17,050 --> 00:07:14,420 than eight hundred objects out near 171 00:07:19,480 --> 00:07:17,060 Neptune using the Canada French Hawaii 172 00:07:21,400 --> 00:07:19,490 telescope in Hawaii here's a quote from 173 00:07:23,260 --> 00:07:21,410 Scott Shepard an astronomer at the 174 00:07:25,870 --> 00:07:23,270 Carnegie Institution for science in 175 00:07:28,120 --> 00:07:25,880 Washington DC quote I think it's great 176 00:07:30,730 --> 00:07:28,130 work and it's exciting to keep finding 177 00:07:33,400 --> 00:07:30,740 these end quotes shepard was among the 178 00:07:35,950 --> 00:07:33,410 first to suspect a large planet in the 179 00:07:38,110 --> 00:07:35,960 distant solar system but he says three 180 00:07:40,150 --> 00:07:38,120 of the four new objects do have 181 00:07:44,140 --> 00:07:40,160 clustered orbits consistent with a 182 00:07:48,100 --> 00:07:44,150 planet 9 and so the debate continues the 183 00:07:51,310 --> 00:07:48,110 fourth an object called 2015 GT 5-0 184 00:07:54,190 --> 00:07:51,320 seems to skew this entire set of worlds 185 00:07:57,040 --> 00:07:54,200 toward a random distribution but that 186 00:07:59,620 --> 00:07:57,050 isn't necessarily a knockout blow says 187 00:08:01,360 --> 00:07:59,630 Shepard quote we always expected that 188 00:08:04,570 --> 00:08:01,370 there would be some that don't fit in 189 00:08:06,430 --> 00:08:04,580 and quotes the team says any apparent 190 00:08:09,100 --> 00:08:06,440 clustering in their new objects is 191 00:08:12,220 --> 00:08:09,110 likely to be the result of bias in the 192 00:08:14,590 --> 00:08:12,230 survey weather patterns and the location 193 00:08:16,660 --> 00:08:14,600 of this telescope for instance determine 194 00:08:19,900 --> 00:08:16,670 what areas of the sky it can look at and 195 00:08:22,210 --> 00:08:19,910 when it's also harder to see fate solar 196 00:08:25,060 --> 00:08:22,220 system objects in bright areas on the 197 00:08:28,300 --> 00:08:25,070 sky such as the galactic center such 198 00:08:30,940 --> 00:08:28,310 biases make the outer solar system 199 00:08:32,920 --> 00:08:30,950 origins survey more likely to find 200 00:08:34,900 --> 00:08:32,930 objects in regions that support the 201 00:08:36,310 --> 00:08:34,910 planet nine hypotheses and that's 202 00:08:37,120 --> 00:08:36,320 according to team member Michelle 203 00:08:38,589 --> 00:08:37,130 Bannister 204 00:08:40,950 --> 00:08:38,599 she's an astronomer at Queen's 205 00:08:44,020 --> 00:08:40,960 University Belfast in the United Kingdom 206 00:08:47,470 --> 00:08:44,030 when the team corrects this effect the 207 00:08:49,990 --> 00:08:47,480 apparent clustering vanishes by contrast 208 00:08:51,790 --> 00:08:50,000 as another team member many details of 209 00:08:53,139 --> 00:08:51,800 the surveys behind the original six 210 00:08:54,939 --> 00:08:53,149 objects are on 211 00:08:58,299 --> 00:08:54,949 and that makes it impossible to 212 00:09:00,519 --> 00:08:58,309 understand these biases that argument 213 00:09:02,290 --> 00:09:00,529 doesn't impress Mike Brown a familiar 214 00:09:04,600 --> 00:09:02,300 name he's an astronomer at the 215 00:09:08,230 --> 00:09:04,610 California Institute of Technology in 216 00:09:11,079 --> 00:09:08,240 Pasadena Calif Caltech colleague 217 00:09:14,049 --> 00:09:11,089 konstantin batygin they catapulted to 218 00:09:17,439 --> 00:09:14,059 Planet 9 into the mainstream with their 219 00:09:19,840 --> 00:09:17,449 bold claim which was quote their main 220 00:09:23,230 --> 00:09:19,850 conclusion is that their observations 221 00:09:26,139 --> 00:09:23,240 are hopelessly biased and it's true he 222 00:09:28,059 --> 00:09:26,149 says end quote but by then they make a 223 00:09:32,110 --> 00:09:28,069 leap of faith that everybody else's must 224 00:09:34,780 --> 00:09:32,120 be biased too and quotes for Brown any 225 00:09:36,879 --> 00:09:34,790 basis in the hodgepodge of surveys that 226 00:09:39,100 --> 00:09:36,889 found the earlier objects ought to 227 00:09:41,619 --> 00:09:39,110 average out that would make the 228 00:09:44,769 --> 00:09:41,629 clustering real whether caused by Planet 229 00:09:47,110 --> 00:09:44,779 9 or not so far astronomers have found 230 00:09:49,769 --> 00:09:47,120 only a dozen of the most distant probes 231 00:09:52,660 --> 00:09:49,779 of Planet 9 supposed sphere of influence 232 00:09:55,179 --> 00:09:52,670 finding more objects could help settle 233 00:09:58,030 --> 00:09:55,189 this question and so could the most 234 00:10:01,329 --> 00:09:58,040 direct kind of evidence an actual image 235 00:10:03,669 --> 00:10:01,339 of Planet 9 which other surveys are 236 00:10:05,619 --> 00:10:03,679 hoping to capture it says konstantin 237 00:10:07,689 --> 00:10:05,629 batygin quote perhaps the most 238 00:10:11,009 --> 00:10:07,699 attractive thing about planet 9 239 00:10:13,629 --> 00:10:11,019 hypothesis is that it has a well-defined 240 00:10:17,860 --> 00:10:13,639 observational resolution it's either 241 00:10:20,499 --> 00:10:17,870 there or it's not end quotes hmm to be 242 00:10:22,840 --> 00:10:20,509 continued and here at UFO headline news 243 00:10:25,900 --> 00:10:22,850 on inception radio network we will keep 244 00:10:29,079 --> 00:10:25,910 you in the loop from mysteries in space 245 00:10:32,319 --> 00:10:29,089 to well yet more mysteries in space 246 00:10:34,919 --> 00:10:32,329 here's this headline by Joshua Sokol who 247 00:10:38,559 --> 00:10:34,929 writes it for New Scientist comm 248 00:10:43,090 --> 00:10:38,569 buckyballs mysteriously show up in cold 249 00:10:46,929 --> 00:10:43,100 space and warp starlight greedy black 250 00:10:49,960 --> 00:10:46,939 holes giant lava lakes stars too big to 251 00:10:52,179 --> 00:10:49,970 exist even the comparatively small stuff 252 00:10:54,189 --> 00:10:52,189 in outer space like asteroids or 253 00:10:56,949 --> 00:10:54,199 geologic features on a world surface 254 00:10:58,470 --> 00:10:56,959 would effortlessly dwarf you if you 255 00:11:01,389 --> 00:10:58,480 stood in front of them in a spacesuit 256 00:11:03,789 --> 00:11:01,399 but on a scale far below the cosmic 257 00:11:06,700 --> 00:11:03,799 megafauna is a different world 258 00:11:09,820 --> 00:11:06,710 one of tiny carbon molecules Mick 259 00:11:10,300 --> 00:11:09,830 singing changing in the void its poster 260 00:11:13,740 --> 00:11:10,310 child 261 00:11:16,230 --> 00:11:13,750 the charming buckyball a curious round 262 00:11:18,940 --> 00:11:16,240 agglomeration of carbon atoms 263 00:11:21,040 --> 00:11:18,950 this chemical ecosystem can be a 264 00:11:23,290 --> 00:11:21,050 nuisance for astronomers because the 265 00:11:25,090 --> 00:11:23,300 little black molecules block out parts 266 00:11:27,850 --> 00:11:25,100 of the light we see from stars and 267 00:11:30,490 --> 00:11:27,860 galaxies but it's also important on its 268 00:11:32,770 --> 00:11:30,500 own recent discoveries have shown that 269 00:11:34,870 --> 00:11:32,780 the chemical reaction between stars can 270 00:11:37,500 --> 00:11:34,880 build the constituents of biological 271 00:11:41,590 --> 00:11:37,510 molecules such as amino acids and sugars 272 00:11:43,810 --> 00:11:41,600 these substances raining from space may 273 00:11:46,300 --> 00:11:43,820 have contributed to the origin of life 274 00:11:48,610 --> 00:11:46,310 on Earth but these reactions are 275 00:11:50,940 --> 00:11:48,620 intricate they're hard to track which 276 00:11:53,500 --> 00:11:50,950 leaves us searching for beacons a 277 00:11:56,170 --> 00:11:53,510 molecule we understand that could help 278 00:11:58,750 --> 00:11:56,180 us navigate through this fog and this is 279 00:12:02,410 --> 00:11:58,760 where the small stuff becomes a big deal 280 00:12:05,680 --> 00:12:02,420 so as Joshua Sokol writes hang on as we 281 00:12:08,590 --> 00:12:05,690 zoom down to envision a bucky ball 282 00:12:11,680 --> 00:12:08,600 bouncing around in outer space picture 283 00:12:15,280 --> 00:12:11,690 it as a little football sixty atoms of 284 00:12:17,380 --> 00:12:15,290 carbon arranged in a rough sphere by mid 285 00:12:19,810 --> 00:12:17,390 twentieth century architect Buckminster 286 00:12:23,020 --> 00:12:19,820 Fuller also called Bucky 287 00:12:24,940 --> 00:12:23,030 hence bucky balls and others had figured 288 00:12:27,640 --> 00:12:24,950 out that a network of Pentagon's and 289 00:12:30,460 --> 00:12:27,650 hexagons would fold into a stable 290 00:12:32,740 --> 00:12:30,470 geodesic structure as it turned out 291 00:12:36,190 --> 00:12:32,750 Nature had already come to that same 292 00:12:38,950 --> 00:12:36,200 realization in 1985 earthbound 293 00:12:41,710 --> 00:12:38,960 researchers cooked a disk of graphite a 294 00:12:43,900 --> 00:12:41,720 carbon mineral in a plasma chamber to 295 00:12:47,080 --> 00:12:43,910 recreate the conditions that they would 296 00:12:49,390 --> 00:12:47,090 find around a red giant star to their 297 00:12:52,630 --> 00:12:49,400 surprise they discovered they'd made 298 00:12:55,360 --> 00:12:52,640 weird new forms of carbon bucky balls 299 00:12:58,020 --> 00:12:55,370 and other examples of even larger 300 00:13:01,360 --> 00:12:58,030 molecules that looked like carbon cages 301 00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:01,370 they chose to nod to fuller by calling 302 00:13:06,310 --> 00:13:04,010 them fullerenes thankfully after first 303 00:13:10,150 --> 00:13:06,320 considering names like balance fearing 304 00:13:11,620 --> 00:13:10,160 Sakharine and carbo soccer but even 305 00:13:14,110 --> 00:13:11,630 after astronomers began to look for 306 00:13:17,380 --> 00:13:14,120 fullerenes in space they took 307 00:13:20,590 --> 00:13:17,390 two-and-a-half decades to find it wasn't 308 00:13:22,900 --> 00:13:20,600 until 2010 that a team led by Jan 309 00:13:25,510 --> 00:13:22,910 at the University of Western Ontario in 310 00:13:28,710 --> 00:13:25,520 Canada found their spectral signatures 311 00:13:30,130 --> 00:13:28,720 in the colorful gas around a dying star 312 00:13:32,410 --> 00:13:30,140 since then 313 00:13:34,240 --> 00:13:32,420 traces of fullerenes have popped up 314 00:13:37,840 --> 00:13:34,250 again and again in many different 315 00:13:40,120 --> 00:13:37,850 environments a 2015 paper argued that 316 00:13:42,760 --> 00:13:40,130 their presence in the Milky Way might 317 00:13:45,010 --> 00:13:42,770 even explain weird spectral features of 318 00:13:47,140 --> 00:13:45,020 interstellar space those certain 319 00:13:49,570 --> 00:13:47,150 wavelengths of light from distant stars 320 00:13:51,940 --> 00:13:49,580 that are being mysteriously absorbed on 321 00:13:53,850 --> 00:13:51,950 their way to us these features have been 322 00:13:56,890 --> 00:13:53,860 unexplained for over a century and 323 00:13:59,770 --> 00:13:56,900 that's not to say that we understand now 324 00:14:01,930 --> 00:13:59,780 where fullerenes are coming from there's 325 00:14:04,270 --> 00:14:01,940 plenty of carbon in space and a heated 326 00:14:06,520 --> 00:14:04,280 carbon rich gas will produce buckyballs 327 00:14:07,270 --> 00:14:06,530 and similar molecules because they're 328 00:14:09,730 --> 00:14:07,280 closed 329 00:14:13,030 --> 00:14:09,740 cages well those are incredibly stable 330 00:14:16,840 --> 00:14:13,040 and resilient but colder regions of 331 00:14:19,390 --> 00:14:16,850 space should instead make flat soda ring 332 00:14:21,910 --> 00:14:19,400 structures of carbon with hydrogen atoms 333 00:14:24,190 --> 00:14:21,920 around the outside to get those 334 00:14:26,740 --> 00:14:24,200 structures to fold into a cage you'd 335 00:14:28,540 --> 00:14:26,750 need to get rid of the hydrogen and this 336 00:14:31,840 --> 00:14:28,550 could happen either because there were 337 00:14:34,620 --> 00:14:31,850 no hydrogen's around to begin with or if 338 00:14:37,420 --> 00:14:34,630 those molecules were exposed somehow to 339 00:14:40,180 --> 00:14:37,430 ultraviolet light that could bake those 340 00:14:42,610 --> 00:14:40,190 hydrogens away how these processes 341 00:14:45,240 --> 00:14:42,620 interact to explain the full spread of 342 00:14:48,040 --> 00:14:45,250 interstellar fullerenes isn't clear but 343 00:14:50,230 --> 00:14:48,050 said cami but I've been scratching my 344 00:14:52,990 --> 00:14:50,240 head about this for a long time and 345 00:14:55,630 --> 00:14:53,000 quotes solving the mystery of this 346 00:14:57,880 --> 00:14:55,640 little molecule could have a big payoff 347 00:14:59,650 --> 00:14:57,890 most of our spectral measurements of 348 00:15:02,260 --> 00:14:59,660 carbon molecules floating around in 349 00:15:04,270 --> 00:15:02,270 space are a garbled mess too many 350 00:15:06,100 --> 00:15:04,280 different kinds of other molecules are 351 00:15:09,070 --> 00:15:06,110 overlapping and that makes it hard to 352 00:15:11,560 --> 00:15:09,080 understand what's going on so enter 353 00:15:14,470 --> 00:15:11,570 fullerenes with their clear and unique 354 00:15:16,390 --> 00:15:14,480 signals showing us at least one part of 355 00:15:18,850 --> 00:15:16,400 the rhythms and reactions of 356 00:15:20,860 --> 00:15:18,860 interstellar carbon and eventually 357 00:15:24,010 --> 00:15:20,870 perhaps we can use them as tracers to 358 00:15:26,440 --> 00:15:24,020 understand how prebiotic molecules form 359 00:15:28,360 --> 00:15:26,450 in space that's going to give us lots of 360 00:15:31,350 --> 00:15:28,370 hints about our own existence 361 00:15:34,240 --> 00:15:31,360 like soil bacteria in the Savannah 362 00:15:36,220 --> 00:15:34,250 buckyballs might not be as eye-catching 363 00:15:38,950 --> 00:15:36,230 the astronomical Titans the tower over 364 00:15:42,070 --> 00:15:38,960 them but try taking them and their 365 00:15:44,800 --> 00:15:42,080 relatives away and we might not be here 366 00:15:46,360 --> 00:15:44,810 to appreciate the cosmos in the first 367 00:15:49,510 --> 00:15:46,370 place hmm 368 00:15:52,180 --> 00:15:49,520 a possible point to ponder speaking of 369 00:15:55,240 --> 00:15:52,190 pondering let's ponder a black triangle 370 00:15:56,440 --> 00:15:55,250 sighting in Marbella Andalusia Spain 371 00:15:59,920 --> 00:15:56,450 shall we 372 00:16:02,230 --> 00:15:59,930 courtesy of UFO stalker calm it's got a 373 00:16:04,750 --> 00:16:02,240 MUFON case number eight four four zero 374 00:16:08,140 --> 00:16:04,760 five four those tracking and 375 00:16:10,810 --> 00:16:08,150 identification purposes hopefully the 376 00:16:14,170 --> 00:16:10,820 date of the sighting is June 15 2017 377 00:16:18,280 --> 00:16:14,180 they got a next day report here's the 378 00:16:20,710 --> 00:16:18,290 summary at around 12:40 a.m. I saw three 379 00:16:25,270 --> 00:16:20,720 lights changing pattern and direction 380 00:16:27,430 --> 00:16:25,280 forming a triangle above the sea citing 381 00:16:30,190 --> 00:16:27,440 specifics offer a witness reported 382 00:16:33,250 --> 00:16:30,200 viewing distance unknown the altitude 383 00:16:36,130 --> 00:16:33,260 500 feet or less the duration of this 384 00:16:37,360 --> 00:16:36,140 sighting was 20 minutes and in spite of 385 00:16:39,579 --> 00:16:37,370 that length of time 386 00:16:43,300 --> 00:16:39,589 the object features are reported as 387 00:16:46,329 --> 00:16:43,310 unknown its flight path a path and then 388 00:16:48,940 --> 00:16:46,339 hovering and this object obviously was 389 00:16:52,480 --> 00:16:48,950 shaped like a triangle here's the 390 00:16:55,780 --> 00:16:52,490 account on the 15th of June at about 391 00:16:58,420 --> 00:16:55,790 12:40 a.m. at night I looked outside my 392 00:17:02,050 --> 00:16:58,430 window to the sea and saw the light 393 00:17:04,600 --> 00:17:02,060 blinking every two seconds at first I 394 00:17:07,720 --> 00:17:04,610 thought it was an airplane so I opened 395 00:17:10,569 --> 00:17:07,730 my app it's called flight trader 24 app 396 00:17:13,689 --> 00:17:10,579 and tracked planes but there were no 397 00:17:16,540 --> 00:17:13,699 planes above this area alright I thought 398 00:17:19,179 --> 00:17:16,550 and I grabbed my binoculars to look at 399 00:17:22,120 --> 00:17:19,189 these lights I was shocked when I saw 400 00:17:23,380 --> 00:17:22,130 actually not one but three of these 401 00:17:26,710 --> 00:17:23,390 lights through binoculars 402 00:17:28,720 --> 00:17:26,720 they formed a triangle one of these 403 00:17:31,600 --> 00:17:28,730 lights was yellow the other two were 404 00:17:34,120 --> 00:17:31,610 reddish or greenish color and they kept 405 00:17:36,670 --> 00:17:34,130 moving to the left and then back to the 406 00:17:39,430 --> 00:17:36,680 right sometimes this object would just 407 00:17:42,340 --> 00:17:39,440 sit in the sky at one spot for about a 408 00:17:45,160 --> 00:17:42,350 minute I watched these lights this thing 409 00:17:48,200 --> 00:17:45,170 flying for about 20 minutes or so and 410 00:17:52,130 --> 00:17:48,210 then they disappeared interest 411 00:17:55,909 --> 00:17:52,140 again a large body of water and a UFO 412 00:17:59,240 --> 00:17:55,919 hmm our next sighting back in the US of 413 00:18:02,210 --> 00:17:59,250 A Pinehurst North Carolina and this 414 00:18:04,880 --> 00:18:02,220 sighting comes by way of UFOs Northwest 415 00:18:05,899 --> 00:18:04,890 that most excellent site maintained by 416 00:18:08,690 --> 00:18:05,909 William puckett 417 00:18:12,049 --> 00:18:08,700 here's a headline very bright light 418 00:18:15,320 --> 00:18:12,059 falls from the sky the date of this 419 00:18:18,519 --> 00:18:15,330 sighting is June 18 2017 it took place 420 00:18:20,690 --> 00:18:18,529 at 11:30 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time 421 00:18:22,310 --> 00:18:20,700 according to the Google map that 422 00:18:24,769 --> 00:18:22,320 accompanies this sighting report it 423 00:18:28,130 --> 00:18:24,779 looks as though Pinehurst North Carolina 424 00:18:31,279 --> 00:18:28,140 is north and to the west of the city of 425 00:18:34,070 --> 00:18:31,289 Fayetteville North Carolina so here's 426 00:18:35,330 --> 00:18:34,080 the account I was beginning my shift as 427 00:18:39,139 --> 00:18:35,340 security officer 428 00:18:42,200 --> 00:18:39,149 it was June 18 2017 at approximately 23 429 00:18:45,080 --> 00:18:42,210 30 hours as I was driving down Carolina 430 00:18:47,990 --> 00:18:45,090 Vista Drive away from the Carolina hotel 431 00:18:50,779 --> 00:18:48,000 I saw a bright light at a very far 432 00:18:54,470 --> 00:18:50,789 distance away this light seemed to be 433 00:18:57,169 --> 00:18:54,480 coming down at an acute angle it was 434 00:19:00,260 --> 00:18:57,179 kind of free-falling at about a 45 435 00:19:02,690 --> 00:19:00,270 degree angle it kept its level of light 436 00:19:05,539 --> 00:19:02,700 intensity constant during this fall 437 00:19:08,330 --> 00:19:05,549 it wasn't twinkling it wasn't fading as 438 00:19:11,960 --> 00:19:08,340 a meteor would and this object had no 439 00:19:15,049 --> 00:19:11,970 light tail I'm 58 years old and I've 440 00:19:18,560 --> 00:19:15,059 seen many meteors in my life so I know 441 00:19:20,810 --> 00:19:18,570 that this was not any meteor it looked 442 00:19:22,760 --> 00:19:20,820 like an aircraft of some kind and I 443 00:19:24,490 --> 00:19:22,770 immediately thought to myself he's got 444 00:19:27,560 --> 00:19:24,500 to pull out quick or he's going to crash 445 00:19:30,289 --> 00:19:27,570 since I was in my vehicle I heard no 446 00:19:32,810 --> 00:19:30,299 sound after this object fell over the 447 00:19:37,159 --> 00:19:32,820 horizon I've never seen anything like 448 00:19:39,740 --> 00:19:37,169 this ever good news it wasn't an 449 00:19:43,220 --> 00:19:39,750 airplane there was no crash but there 450 00:19:45,980 --> 00:19:43,230 was no sound and no tail like a meteor 451 00:19:48,590 --> 00:19:45,990 let's zip up to Philadelphia 452 00:19:51,560 --> 00:19:48,600 Pennsylvania for this reporting of a 453 00:19:55,610 --> 00:19:51,570 black triangle sighting move on case 454 00:20:01,789 --> 00:19:55,620 number 8 4 5 3 3 date of this sighting 6 455 00:20:04,100 --> 00:20:01,799 21 2017 date submitted 6 22 2017 456 00:20:06,470 --> 00:20:04,110 here's the summary lights I observed 457 00:20:09,799 --> 00:20:06,480 from my porch and then I moved to a 458 00:20:11,330 --> 00:20:09,809 better vantage point there's video with 459 00:20:13,669 --> 00:20:11,340 this you're probably going to want to 460 00:20:16,159 --> 00:20:13,679 check that out gentle listeners you can 461 00:20:19,009 --> 00:20:16,169 find links later at UFO headline news 462 00:20:22,039 --> 00:20:19,019 calm and oh yeah we're available on 463 00:20:25,220 --> 00:20:22,049 YouTube these days back to the sighting 464 00:20:28,220 --> 00:20:25,230 specifics viewing distance 501 feet to 465 00:20:31,009 --> 00:20:28,230 one mile eventually out over one mile 466 00:20:33,889 --> 00:20:31,019 the altitude was over five hundred feet 467 00:20:36,320 --> 00:20:33,899 no cloud cover this sighting duration 468 00:20:39,259 --> 00:20:36,330 lasted 10 minutes and the object 469 00:20:41,810 --> 00:20:39,269 featured wings its flight path featured 470 00:20:45,560 --> 00:20:41,820 hovering and then a straight path and 471 00:20:48,289 --> 00:20:45,570 yep shaped like a triangle it was and 472 00:20:49,099 --> 00:20:48,299 the sighting seemed to go something like 473 00:20:51,950 --> 00:20:49,109 this 474 00:20:56,149 --> 00:20:51,960 I was sitting on my porch around 10:20 475 00:20:57,739 --> 00:20:56,159 p.m. when I saw two strange lights these 476 00:21:01,340 --> 00:20:57,749 lights were stationary they weren't 477 00:21:04,879 --> 00:21:01,350 moving I began videotaping them and then 478 00:21:06,799 --> 00:21:04,889 one appeared to move a little I decided 479 00:21:09,379 --> 00:21:06,809 to move to a clearing down the street 480 00:21:11,930 --> 00:21:09,389 and realized there were three of these 481 00:21:15,049 --> 00:21:11,940 lights then and I again began filming 482 00:21:17,649 --> 00:21:15,059 the furthest light to the right appeared 483 00:21:19,789 --> 00:21:17,659 to start moving up and to the right I 484 00:21:21,649 --> 00:21:19,799 managed to get a short video from 485 00:21:23,810 --> 00:21:21,659 beneath this object but I sort of 486 00:21:26,029 --> 00:21:23,820 fumbled it first and so I ended up 487 00:21:28,609 --> 00:21:26,039 taking a picture instead of a recorded 488 00:21:30,499 --> 00:21:28,619 video but then I went back to these 489 00:21:33,590 --> 00:21:30,509 other two lights they remained 490 00:21:35,899 --> 00:21:33,600 stationary for some time the light on 491 00:21:38,299 --> 00:21:35,909 the left began moving to the left moving 492 00:21:41,450 --> 00:21:38,309 in a straight line and then it flew 493 00:21:46,279 --> 00:21:41,460 almost over my head and I managed to get 494 00:21:48,619 --> 00:21:46,289 a brief video of that as well video some 495 00:21:51,139 --> 00:21:48,629 sort of evidence even evidence on a 496 00:21:54,440 --> 00:21:51,149 personal level you know you saw that 497 00:21:57,769 --> 00:21:54,450 because here's the footage not too far 498 00:21:59,570 --> 00:21:57,779 away from Edgewater New Jersey so let's 499 00:22:03,289 --> 00:21:59,580 look at this sighting shall we it's 500 00:22:05,359 --> 00:22:03,299 MUFON Case number 8 for 5 to 8 it 501 00:22:07,909 --> 00:22:05,369 happened on the 18th of June this year 502 00:22:10,460 --> 00:22:07,919 didn't get reported till the 21st of 503 00:22:13,389 --> 00:22:10,470 June our reporting witness has a summary 504 00:22:15,769 --> 00:22:13,399 that's just one word long that word 505 00:22:18,080 --> 00:22:15,779 fascinating the 506 00:22:20,810 --> 00:22:18,090 our photos submitted with this account 507 00:22:23,119 --> 00:22:20,820 under sighting specifics the viewing 508 00:22:26,539 --> 00:22:23,129 distance is listed as over one mile 509 00:22:29,570 --> 00:22:26,549 initially eventually unknown the 510 00:22:32,509 --> 00:22:29,580 altitude over 500 feet and there was 511 00:22:35,869 --> 00:22:32,519 cloud cover the sighting duration one 512 00:22:38,690 --> 00:22:35,879 hour the object features other and 513 00:22:41,570 --> 00:22:38,700 unknown its flight path was stationary 514 00:22:44,839 --> 00:22:41,580 and then a straight line path and this 515 00:22:47,119 --> 00:22:44,849 object was shaped like a disc at the 516 00:22:49,669 --> 00:22:47,129 time of this sighting over Edgewater New 517 00:22:52,190 --> 00:22:49,679 Jersey the maximum temperature on the 518 00:22:54,829 --> 00:22:52,200 ground was 85 degrees Fahrenheit 519 00:22:57,709 --> 00:22:54,839 29 degrees Celsius the minimum 520 00:23:00,139 --> 00:22:57,719 temperatures 70 degrees Fahrenheit 21 521 00:23:03,320 --> 00:23:00,149 degrees Celsius the maximum visibility 522 00:23:05,839 --> 00:23:03,330 at this point was 10 miles 16 kilometers 523 00:23:08,629 --> 00:23:05,849 dropping down to a two mile two 524 00:23:11,779 --> 00:23:08,639 kilometer minimum here's the account 525 00:23:14,959 --> 00:23:11,789 it's in points one through six so here 526 00:23:17,419 --> 00:23:14,969 we go point one I was home at the time 527 00:23:18,159 --> 00:23:17,429 and went out to my balcony to get some 528 00:23:22,219 --> 00:23:18,169 fresh air 529 00:23:26,119 --> 00:23:22,229 point two this thing would move side to 530 00:23:30,769 --> 00:23:26,129 side or front to back also the sky was 531 00:23:33,680 --> 00:23:30,779 clear clean 0.3 at first I thought this 532 00:23:36,139 --> 00:23:33,690 was an airplane or a helicopter but 533 00:23:38,570 --> 00:23:36,149 seconds later that possibility went out 534 00:23:41,659 --> 00:23:38,580 the window and then I thought I could 535 00:23:44,329 --> 00:23:41,669 possibly be seeing a drone or a star but 536 00:23:47,299 --> 00:23:44,339 that weird pattern of movement made it 537 00:23:49,700 --> 00:23:47,309 clear that it wasn't those objects point 538 00:23:52,070 --> 00:23:49,710 for at first this object was hovering 539 00:23:55,489 --> 00:23:52,080 for a few minutes and it looked like 540 00:23:57,979 --> 00:23:55,499 that classic flying saucer disc but 541 00:24:00,649 --> 00:23:57,989 while hovering it started to move in a 542 00:24:04,070 --> 00:24:00,659 circle motion which made this then look 543 00:24:06,739 --> 00:24:04,080 like a portal or some quite whole last 544 00:24:09,829 --> 00:24:06,749 but not least in point for its minor 545 00:24:13,099 --> 00:24:09,839 movement would take it west and north or 546 00:24:16,430 --> 00:24:13,109 in other words descent and ascent point 547 00:24:20,299 --> 00:24:16,440 5 while watching the object I got goose 548 00:24:23,749 --> 00:24:20,309 bumps and also quite randomly my three 549 00:24:26,210 --> 00:24:23,759 cats came to me at that same time the 550 00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:26,220 birds began singing and flying in the 551 00:24:31,789 --> 00:24:29,610 yard point six I went inside for some 552 00:24:35,000 --> 00:24:31,799 orange juice and when I went outside 553 00:24:38,120 --> 00:24:35,010 again this was already gone it left no 554 00:24:40,880 --> 00:24:38,130 trail and here's the point where we sing 555 00:24:43,310 --> 00:24:40,890 happy trails to you gentle listeners at 556 00:24:44,690 --> 00:24:43,320 least for today we've got a gallop out 557 00:24:50,410 --> 00:24:44,700 of here now because